Early in the pandemic (April 2020) I started what became a long #Twitter thread on #gender #bias in academic #publishing.
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Update. In #PoliticalScience "mean [#altmetrics] scores are highest on average for mixed-gender authored items (30.54). Exclusively female-authored research generates, on average, the lowest scores (19.23) as compared to exclusively male-authored research (24.49)."
https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2023/06/19/altmetric-scores-in-political-science-are-gendered-does-it-matter/Update. Review of _Equity for Women in Science_ by Cassidy Sugimoto and Vincent Larivière (Harvard University Press, 2023).
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02139-x"#Gender gaps are still with us."
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Update. Review of _Equity for Women in Science_ by Cassidy Sugimoto and Vincent Larivière (Harvard University Press, 2023).
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02139-x"#Gender gaps are still with us."
Update. In the field of #economics, after the #pandemic, "men and women both experienced production increases [i.e. posted more working papers] with the exception of women between the age of 35 and 49, who experienced no production gains despite large increases for men in the same age group."
https://academic.oup.com/rfs/article/36/8/3348/6854998 -
Update. In the field of #economics, after the #pandemic, "men and women both experienced production increases [i.e. posted more working papers] with the exception of women between the age of 35 and 49, who experienced no production gains despite large increases for men in the same age group."
https://academic.oup.com/rfs/article/36/8/3348/6854998Update. Women in analytic #philosophy 1896-1960.
https://aeon.co/essays/the-lost-women-of-early-analytic-philosophy"We looked at all the 3,288 articles that appeared in six [major analytic] philosophy journals between 1896 and 1960…On average, only 4%…were authored by women. Most of these women, 70 in number, are presently forgotten…Only four of the 246 papers presented at meetings of [Society for the Study of the History of Analytical Philosophy, #SSHAP] in the period 2015 to 2019 were about female philosophers – less than 2%."
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Update. Women in analytic #philosophy 1896-1960.
https://aeon.co/essays/the-lost-women-of-early-analytic-philosophy"We looked at all the 3,288 articles that appeared in six [major analytic] philosophy journals between 1896 and 1960…On average, only 4%…were authored by women. Most of these women, 70 in number, are presently forgotten…Only four of the 246 papers presented at meetings of [Society for the Study of the History of Analytical Philosophy, #SSHAP] in the period 2015 to 2019 were about female philosophers – less than 2%."
Update. New study: At least in #Germany, in the field of #economics, "men tend to seek reputation, while women favor visibility through #OpenAccess…Overall female researchers appear to contribute more to the public good of #OpenScience, while their male colleagues focus on private reputation. These findings may offer an additional explanatory channel for the academic #gender gap."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733323001580 -
Update. New study: At least in #Germany, in the field of #economics, "men tend to seek reputation, while women favor visibility through #OpenAccess…Overall female researchers appear to contribute more to the public good of #OpenScience, while their male colleagues focus on private reputation. These findings may offer an additional explanatory channel for the academic #gender gap."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733323001580Update. New study of #editors of medical-education journals published in the global #south: "Among 1219 editors, 57.5% were men. Out of 46 editors in chief (EICs), 34.7% were women, and 60.9% were based in high income countries. No EIC belonged to low-income country. The proportion of female advisory board members was found to be positively correlated with the presence of a female EIC."
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0142159X.2023.2249212 -
Update. New study of #editors of medical-education journals published in the global #south: "Among 1219 editors, 57.5% were men. Out of 46 editors in chief (EICs), 34.7% were women, and 60.9% were based in high income countries. No EIC belonged to low-income country. The proportion of female advisory board members was found to be positively correlated with the presence of a female EIC."
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0142159X.2023.2249212Update. Anna Kristina Hultgren and Pejman Habibie (eds.), _Women in Scholarly Publishing_, a new book from Routledge.
At least temporarily free to read from this link.
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Women_in_Scholarly_Publishing/M1rXEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA1979&printsec=frontcoverPublisher's page, suggesting that the book is not out yet and not OA.
https://www.routledge.com/Women-in-Scholarly-Publishing-A-Gender-Perspective/Hultgren-Habibie/p/book/9781032045207 -
Update. Anna Kristina Hultgren and Pejman Habibie (eds.), _Women in Scholarly Publishing_, a new book from Routledge.
At least temporarily free to read from this link.
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Women_in_Scholarly_Publishing/M1rXEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA1979&printsec=frontcoverPublisher's page, suggesting that the book is not out yet and not OA.
https://www.routledge.com/Women-in-Scholarly-Publishing-A-Gender-Perspective/Hultgren-Habibie/p/book/9781032045207Update. New study, my paraphrase: Gender and racial bias in academic publishing doesn't show up just in acceptance rates, citation rates, and representation rates on editorial boards. It also shows up in publishing rates during times of stress, such as the pandemic. Using publication tallies as an assessment metric can aggravate this bias.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0291124 -
Update. New study, my paraphrase: Gender and racial bias in academic publishing doesn't show up just in acceptance rates, citation rates, and representation rates on editorial boards. It also shows up in publishing rates during times of stress, such as the pandemic. Using publication tallies as an assessment metric can aggravate this bias.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0291124Update. In tension with the results above (previous toot, this thread), this study finds that "gender gaps in productivity are highly context-dependent; once scientific field, academic position, institutional affiliation and age are controlled for, most gender differences all but disappear."
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003193586-9/beyond-essentialism-lynn-nygaard-dag-aksnes-fredrik-niclas-piro -
Update. In tension with the results above (previous toot, this thread), this study finds that "gender gaps in productivity are highly context-dependent; once scientific field, academic position, institutional affiliation and age are controlled for, most gender differences all but disappear."
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003193586-9/beyond-essentialism-lynn-nygaard-dag-aksnes-fredrik-niclas-piroUpdate. New study: "The proportion of positive [supporting] and negative [criticizing] citations was higher for publications whose first/last authors were women (vs. men), while the opposite was true for neutral [mentioning] citations."
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-023-04827-x -
Update. New study: "The proportion of positive [supporting] and negative [criticizing] citations was higher for publications whose first/last authors were women (vs. men), while the opposite was true for neutral [mentioning] citations."
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-023-04827-xUpdate. In medical journals, "women were underrepresented among authors of retracted articles, and, in particular, of articles retracted for #misconduct."
https://www.jmir.org/2023/1/e48529 -
Update. In medical journals, "women were underrepresented among authors of retracted articles, and, in particular, of articles retracted for #misconduct."
https://www.jmir.org/2023/1/e48529Update. New study: "In three relatively #gender-balanced disciplines representing humanities (#history), social sciences (#economics), and natural sciences (#environmental sciences)" male authors consider more different journals before submission and resubmit more often after rejection.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-023-04829-9 -
Update. New study: "In three relatively #gender-balanced disciplines representing humanities (#history), social sciences (#economics), and natural sciences (#environmental sciences)" male authors consider more different journals before submission and resubmit more often after rejection.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-023-04829-9Update. The Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (#JPSM) studied its own publishing history and released the results.
https://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924(23)00739-X/fulltext"There were differences in acceptance rates by region of residence, ethnicity, and race but not by gender. Asian authors and authors residing in regions outside of North America had greater odds of rejection compared to White or North American authors."
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Update. The Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (#JPSM) studied its own publishing history and released the results.
https://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924(23)00739-X/fulltext"There were differences in acceptance rates by region of residence, ethnicity, and race but not by gender. Asian authors and authors residing in regions outside of North America had greater odds of rejection compared to White or North American authors."
Update. New study (book chapter): "Male researchers publish more papers than female researchers & this difference increases over the course of scientific careers.…By contrast, female researchers achieve higher citation impact & publish in more prestigious journals than male researchers over the course of their careers, especially among researchers with short careers…The results suggest that many women with high potential leave the science system early in their careers."
https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32448/1/Tekles_Alexander.pdf#page=155 -
Update. New study (book chapter): "Male researchers publish more papers than female researchers & this difference increases over the course of scientific careers.…By contrast, female researchers achieve higher citation impact & publish in more prestigious journals than male researchers over the course of their careers, especially among researchers with short careers…The results suggest that many women with high potential leave the science system early in their careers."
https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32448/1/Tekles_Alexander.pdf#page=155Update. New study using #ChatGPT to assess referee reports: "Female first authors received less polite reviews than their male peers… In addition, published papers with a female senior author received more favorable reviews than papers with a male senior author."
https://elifesciences.org/articles/90230 -
Update. New study using #ChatGPT to assess referee reports: "Female first authors received less polite reviews than their male peers… In addition, published papers with a female senior author received more favorable reviews than papers with a male senior author."
https://elifesciences.org/articles/90230Update. "Between 2015 and 2022, our findings suggests that men [in #Germany, in #economics] tend to seek reputation, while women favor visibility through #OpenAccess, at least at the margin. While authorship in teams can dilute these behavioral patterns, female economists publish more single-authored papers. Overall female researchers appear to contribute more to the public good of open science."
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104874Summary by one of the co-authors:
https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2023/11/23/female-researchers-are-less-influenced-by-journal-prestige-will-it-hold-back-their-careers/ -
Update. "Between 2015 and 2022, our findings suggests that men [in #Germany, in #economics] tend to seek reputation, while women favor visibility through #OpenAccess, at least at the margin. While authorship in teams can dilute these behavioral patterns, female economists publish more single-authored papers. Overall female researchers appear to contribute more to the public good of open science."
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104874Summary by one of the co-authors:
https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2023/11/23/female-researchers-are-less-influenced-by-journal-prestige-will-it-hold-back-their-careers/Update. I missed this piece from March 2022: "This research is the first to comprehensively study the 'gender solo research gap' among all internationally visible scientists within a whole national higher education system…The gender solo research gap in #Poland is much weaker than expected: within a more general trend toward team research and international research, gender differences in solo research are much weaker and less relevant than initially assumed."
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-022-04308-7 -
Update. I missed this piece from March 2022: "This research is the first to comprehensively study the 'gender solo research gap' among all internationally visible scientists within a whole national higher education system…The gender solo research gap in #Poland is much weaker than expected: within a more general trend toward team research and international research, gender differences in solo research are much weaker and less relevant than initially assumed."
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-022-04308-7Update. The doctoral dissertations of women are interdisciplinary less often than those of men, and this could "hinder their [women's] career advancement."
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-023-02392-5 -
Update. The doctoral dissertations of women are interdisciplinary less often than those of men, and this could "hinder their [women's] career advancement."
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-023-02392-5Update. New study: "Merely increasing the proportion of women might not be sufficient to eliminate [gender] bias. Measures accounting for women’s circumstances and needs…and raising editorial awareness to women’s needs may be essential to increasing gender equity and enhancing academic publication."
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294805 -
Update. New study: "Merely increasing the proportion of women might not be sufficient to eliminate [gender] bias. Measures accounting for women’s circumstances and needs…and raising editorial awareness to women’s needs may be essential to increasing gender equity and enhancing academic publication."
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294805Update. "Citation attributions exhibit gender homophily…that is, gender alignment between citing and cited authors. This pattern greatly disadvantages women in fields where they are underrepresented."
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104895 -
Update. "Citation attributions exhibit gender homophily…that is, gender alignment between citing and cited authors. This pattern greatly disadvantages women in fields where they are underrepresented."
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104895Update. From a survey of university faculty in the US: "Males were twice as likely as females to use #AI to recommend journals to which to submit research articles."
https://www.primaryresearch.com/AddCart.aspx?ReportID=790(Unfortunately the full results are not #OpenAccess and not even close. One copy of the PDF costs $98.)
